Chapter 30 vocab

ENJOY YOUR CARPAL TUNNEL. 8)

CHAPTER 30 VOCAB
19 words

Great Depression (727)
International economic crisis following the First World War; began with collapse of American stock market in 1929; actual causes included collapse of agricultural prices in 1920s; included collapse of banking houses in the United States and western Europe, massive unemployment; contradicted optimistic assumptions of 19^th century.

socialism in one country (730)
Joseph Stalin’s concept of Russian communism based solely on the Soviet Union rather than the Leninist concept of international revolution; by cutting off the Soviet Union from other economies, the USSR avoided worst consequences of the Great Depression.

Popular Front (731)
Combination of socialist and communist political parties in France; won election in 1936; unable to take strong measures of social reform because of continuing strength of conservatives; fell from power in 1938.

New Deal (732)
President Franklin Roosevelt’s precursor of the modern welfare state (1933-1939); programs to combat economic depression enacted a number of social insurance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy; increased power of the state and the state’s intervention in United States social and economic life.

totalitarian state (732)
A new kind of government in the 20^th century that exercised massive, direct control over virtually all the activities of its subjects; existed in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union.

Gestapo (734)
Secret police in Nazi Germany, known for brutal tactics.

Anschluss (735)
Hitler’s union of Germany with the German-speaking population of Austria; took place in 1938, despite complaints of other European nations.

appeasement (735)
Policy of Neville Chamberlain, British prime minister who hoped to preserve peace in the face of German aggression; particularly applied to Munich Conference agreements; failed when Hitler invaded Poland in 1939.

Spanish Civil War (736)
War pitting authoritarian and military leaders in Spain against republicans and leftists between 1936 and 1939; Germany and Italy supported the royalists; the Soviet Union supported the republicans; led to victory of the royalist forces.

import substitution industrialization (736)
Typical of Latin American economies; domestic production of goods during the 20^th century that had previously been imported; led to light industrialization.

syndicalism (737)
Economic and political system based on the organization of labor; imported in Latin America from European political movements; militant force in Latin American politics.

Tragic Week (737)
Occurred in Argentina in 1919; government response to general strike of labor forces led to brutal repression under guise of nationalism.

corporatism (738)
Political ideology that emphasized the organic nature of society and made the state a mediator, adjusting the interests of different social groups; appealed to conservative groups in European and Latin American societies and to the military.

Lázaro Cárdenas (738)
President of Mexico from 1934 to 1940; responsible for redistribution of land, primarily to create ejidos, or communal farms; also began program of primary and rural education.

Getúlio Vargas (738)
Elected president of Brazil in 1929; launched centralized political program by imposing federal administrators over state governments; held off coups by communists in 1935 and fascists in 1937; imposed a new constitution based on Mussolini’s Italy; leaned to communists after 1949; committed suicide in 1954.

Juan D. Perón (739)
Military leader in Argentina who became dominant political figure after military coup in 1943; used position as Minister of Labor to appeal to working groups and the poor; became president in 1946; forced into exile in 1955; returned and won presidency in 1973.

five-year plans (743)
Stalin’s plans to hasten industrialization of USSR; constructed massive factories in metallurgy, mining, and electric power; led to massive state-planned industrialization at cost of availability of consumer products.

Socialist realism (744)
Attempt within the USSR to relate formal culture to the masses in order to avoid the adoption of western European cultural forms; begun under Joseph Stalin; fundamental method of Soviet fiction, art, and literary criticism.

Politburo (744)
Executive committee of the Soviet Communist party; 20 members.

Etc. notes:
The word-of-the-post for this entry was sesquipedalian. I think I need to get out more, or something.